Selling (of shares). Also known as an offer.

An asset class is a category of investments that share similar characteristics and behave in comparable ways. Common asset classes include stocks (ownership in companies), Sukuk and bonds (loans to companies or governments), real estate, and cash; each with different levels of risk and potential returns.

An auction is the process where Sukuk shares are sold on the primary market.

Buying (of shares).

Bonds are a type of debt security where investors loan money to a company or government (the borrower) in exchange for periodic interest payment for a pre-determined term.

Bonds are non-Syariah compliant as they yield interest payments.

A broker is a licensed financial professional or firm authorised to buy and sell securities on behalf of an investor on a regulated exchange.

In reference to a company, capital is the money needed by a company to start up or grow.

In reference to an individual, capital is the money needed to fund an investment or start a business.

Capital Gain is the increase in value developed over time from an initial investment, also referred to as profit. It is realised when you sell a security for a higher value than what you initially paid for it.

A capital market is where businesses raise money for growth by selling securities (like stocks or other securities) to investors. It’s called a “capital” market because it deals with long-term funding; usually large amounts of money that companies need to invest in their future. The securities exchange is the main venue where this buying and selling happens.

Commodities are basic goods or raw materials such as crops like wheat and soy, metals such as gold and silver, energy products such as oil and natural gas among many others.

Corporate Actions are significant actions that a listed company makes from time to time that may affect its shareholders and the value of their investments. Dividend payments, stock splits, and mergers & acquisitions are a few types of corporate actions. Companies will usually notify the public in advance before these actions are carried out.

Coupons are dividend payouts from debt instruments such as Sukuk.

Disclosures are the essential, official documents and reports a company must publicly share so that all investors can see its true financial health, performance, and risks.

These mandatory updates ensure transparency and give everyone the same important information needed to make informed investment decisions.

Dividends are payouts to shareholders provided by equity stocks, REITs, among other types of securities. The term dividend is used interchangeably for payout to shareholders by other security classes.

Also called Common Stock.

Equity stocks refer to shares/stocks of publicly listed companies. Equity or Common Stock is one of the asset classes under Common Stock.

Exchange Traded Funds are essentially a group of different investments such as shares from many different companies (equity/stocks), Sukuk, bonds, or other assets—that are all grouped together and managed professionally. You can buy shares of ETF giving you exposure to a wide range of assets.

Fixed-Income securities are debt securities (or debt instruments) are securities that pay a fixed amount of interest per interval until the end of its term (maturity date). Some types of Fixed-Income securities include, corporate bonds, government bonds, certificate of deposit, and treasury bills.

An index is a hypothetical portfolio of stocks that are collectively tracked for their performance in the market over time.

An Index Fund is a mutual fund that you can invest in comprising of a portfolio or basket of securities that are share a common set of criteria.

Also known as a Primary Listing, it is the first sale of a company’s shares to the public.

This process allows the company to raise a large amount of money (capital) for expansion and, in return, allows ordinary investors to buy into the company’s future success.

After the IPO period closes, shares will be allotted (allocated) to successful bidders (also called subscribers).

In relation to the exchange, an intermediary is a firm that acts as a go-between, linking investors (the public) with the market (the exchange).

An example of an intermediary is a broker.

An investment is the act of buying assets/securities with the expectation that its value will appreciate over time.

Investors are any individual or even a company that buys shares of a security.

There are two types of investors:

• Retail Investors: Individuals who invest in securities.
• Institutional/Corporate Investors: Companies, fund managers, banks, and any other type of government registered entity that invests in securities.

An issuer is a company that raises capital by offering its shares or securities on an exchange. When a local business decides to “go public” on an exchange, it becomes an issuer; giving investors the opportunity to buy ownership stakes while gaining the funds needed to grow and compete.

Simply put, issuers are a firm that issue and list securities such as stocks, Sukuk, bonds, ETFs, REITs, and others.

Liquidity is the availability of funds during trading to buy and sell securities. If there are many buyers and sellers, it is said to be highly liquid. Conversely, if a security has a lower (trading) volume of buyers and sellers, it is less liquid.

Listed companies are companies that have made their shareholdings available for public trading on an exchange.

It is also known as a secondary listing.

We can also refer to the exchange as a marketplace as it allows for buying and selling securities.

This is known as the IPO stage.

(See IPO for more information)

An IPO prospectus is a document that provides all company plans and financial information. A company seeking to perform an IPO will share this document with the public before its IPO date. Investors are able to read about the company and be informed before deciding to invest in the company.

A regulator is a statutory (or government) body that is an authority in a specific industry. They are responsible for creating and enforcing laws, legislation, rules, acts and any related official regulations.

The regulator for the financial industry in Brunei Darussalam is Brunei Darussalam Central Bank (BDCB).

A Real Estate Investment Trust is a company that owns and operates properties. It is a tradable security that pays out dividends to its shareholders.

This is when a company is publicly tradable on an exchange.

Security or Securities is the general term for all types of asset classes including, stocks, Sukuk, bonds, gold, cash, commodities, and more.

Also called a Securities Market. It is a regulated marketplace that allows investors to trade (buy and sell) securities.

Securities can range from all types of asset classes such as stocks (equity), Sukuk, ETF, REITs, and more.

Shares are units of asset or security. If someone buys shares of a company, it means that they invested their money to buy and own part of the company. The same goes for other securities as well.

The term Shares can be used for all types of securities. However, the term Stock is mainly used when referring to Equities.

A Stock exchange is a regulated marketplace where only stocks (also known as equity) are traded.

When an investor buys shares from an IPO, they are referred to as subscribers.

An IPO Subscription is when shares of an IPO are publicly offered for bidding.

Sukuk is a Syariah compliant security where an Issuer raises capital to undertake a project with the commitment of providing periodic returns for a pre-determined term.

Trade or Trading means the buying and selling of securities.

The number of totals shares traded/exchanged (bought and sold) over a specific period (e.g. daily, monthly, etc.).